«МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ КЛЕТКИ 2-Е ИЗДАНИЕ, ПЕРЕРАБОТАННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ В 3 томах 3 Перевод с английского канд. биол. наук В. П. Коржа, канд. биол. наук Н.В. Сониной, ...»

Рецептор Т-клеток представляет собой антителоподобный гетеродимер, кодируемый генами, которые собираются из нескольких генных сегментов в процессе развития Т-клеток в тимусе. Активация Т-клеток происходит, когда эти рецепторы связываются с фрагментами чужеродных антигенов, ассоциированными с гликопротеинами МНС на поверхности других клеток собственного организма. Такой процесс совместного узнавания МНС гарантирует, что Т-клетки узнают чужеродный антиген только в том случае, если он связан с соответствующей клеткой-мишенью. Существуют два основных класса молекул МНС: 1) молекулы класса I, имеющиеся на поверхности почти всех соматических клеток с ядрами, - они представляют фрагменты вирусных белков цитотоксическим Т-клеткам; 2) молекулы класса II, имеющиеся на поверхности В-клеток и специализированных антиген-представляющих клеток, - они представляют фрагменты чужеродных антигенов Т-хелперам. Тот факт, что определенные аллельные формы молекул МНС классов I и II неспособны представлять Т-клеткам определенные антигенные детерминанты, позволяет объяснить, почему эти молекулы столь полиморфны Golub Е. S. Immunology: A Synthesis. Sunderland, MA; Sinauer, 1987.

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